In 2021, the Colonial Pipeline—a major U.S. fuel pipeline—was hit by a cyberattack that caused fuel shortages and panic buying across several states. This wasn’t just a tech issue—it was a wake-up call for the entire world about the real risks in industrial systems.

If you’re wondering how something like this can happen, the answer lies in a system called SCADA.

This blog will walk you through the top 10 SCADA cyber security best practices that you can start using today to protect your systems and your people.

What is SCADA?

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. These systems control things like power grids, water treatment plants, gas pipelines, and factories. In short, SCADA runs the behind-the-scenes machinery of our modern lives.

From managing a water supply network to controlling oil production, SCADA systems help keep critical infrastructure running smoothly. But they also create a wide attack surface for hackers.

Why is SCADA Cyber Security Critical?

Because SCADA is tied directly to critical infrastructure, any cyberattack on it can result in downtime, safety risks, or even national emergencies. As technology continues to advance, these systems are becoming more connected to the Internet, making them attractive targets for threat actors who specialize in cybercrime and espionage techniques.

Rise in Cyberattacks on Industrial Systems

In the Information Age, digital threats are no longer limited to just computers or smartphones. The Industrial Control System (ICS) environment is now a favorite target. In fact, according to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), attacks on ICS networks have surged by over 200% in the last five years.

Common Attack Methods

Hackers use a wide range of techniques, including:

• Phishing & Social Engineering – Trick staff into revealing passwords or installing malware.
• Ransomware – Lock systems and demand money to restore them.
• Unpatched Vulnerabilities – Exploit outdated software and legacy systems.
• Insider Threats – Employees with access may misuse or leak data.
• Supply Chain Compromise – Target third-party software or hardware suppliers.

Consequences of a Breach

The impact of a SCADA cyber security breach can be devastating:

• Operational Downtime – Production grinds to a halt.
• Financial Losses – Downtime, recovery, and fines can cost millions.
• Safety Hazards – Malfunctioning machines could cause injuries or worse.
• Regulatory Penalties – Failing to follow compliance guidelines like NERC CIP can lead to legal trouble.

Top 10 SCADA Cyber Security Best Practices

Here are top ten SCADA cyber security best practices you need to know:

#1: Conduct Regular Risk Assessments & Audits

Start by checking where you’re vulnerable. Risk assessments help identify weak spots in your infrastructure. Follow standards like NIST Cybersecurity Framework or IEC 62443 for guidance.

• Use penetration tests to simulate real attacks.
• Set up red team vs. blue team exercises.
• Perform annual security audits to keep systems sharp.

Regular assessments reduce your attack surface and prepare your team for real-world threats.

#2: Implement Network Segmentation & Air-Gapping

Divide your network into smaller parts to contain threats. This is called network segmentation.

• Separate your IT (office) and OT (factory) environments.
• Use firewalls, VLANs, and DMZs to control traffic.
• In high-risk cases, air-gap the SCADA system—meaning it’s completely offline and not connected to the Internet.

While air-gapping increases security, it can make maintenance tricky. So, use it only when truly necessary.

#3: Enforce Strong Access Controls & Authentication

Not everyone should have full access.

• Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to give users only what they need.
• Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
• Manage privileged accounts with Privileged Access Management (PAM) tools.

This keeps unauthorized users out—even if they manage to steal a password.

#4: Keep Systems Updated & Patch Management

Outdated software is like an open door for attackers.

• Apply security patches regularly, even in legacy systems.
• Test patches in a safe environment before rolling them out.
• Use virtual patching when full updates aren’t possible.

Stay ahead of software vulnerabilities by working closely with vendors and staying updated on known exploits.

#5: Monitor & Detect Anomalies with ICS-Specific SIEM

To stop threats, you need to see them coming.

• Use Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) tools tailored for SCADA systems.
• Deploy Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in your network.
• Use machine learning to spot strange patterns and anomaly detection systems to catch new attack methods.

Real-time alerts give your team the time they need to respond quickly.